Classification of Dental Caries | Types, Severity & Expert Treatments in Dubai

Classification of Dental Caries by Location (Tooth Surface Involved)

Dentists often classify cavities according to the surface of the tooth affected. One of the most widely recognized systems was developed by Dr. G.V. Black , known as the “father of modern dentistry”. His classification helps dentists identify where decay occurs and plan the most effective treatment.

Class I – Pit and Fissure Caries

These cavities develop in the natural grooves and pits of teeth, mainly on the chewing surfaces of molars and premolars. They may also appear in small pits on the back of front teeth. Because these areas trap food easily, decay can start even when the tooth looks healthy from the outside.

Class II – Interproximal Caries in Back Teeth

This type affects the contact areas between molars and premolars. Since these surfaces are not easily visible, the decay often progresses without pain and is usually detected during dental X-rays at routine checkups.

Class III – Interproximal Caries in Front Teeth (Without Edge Involvement)

Class III caries occur between front teeth such as incisors and canines but do not reach the cutting edge. These cavities are often associated with plaque buildup and poor flossing habits.

Class IV – Interproximal Caries in Front Teeth (With Edge Involvement)

In this case, decay affects both the side surface and the biting edge of front teeth. Treatment usually focuses on restoring both function and aesthetics, which is why advanced cosmetic techniques are often used.

Class V – Cervical (Gumline) Caries

These cavities form near the gumline on the front or back surfaces of teeth. They are commonly linked to gum recession, aggressive brushing, or acidic diets.

Class VI – Cusp Tip and Incisal Edge Caries

This less common category involves decay on the pointed chewing tips of back teeth or the sharp edges of front teeth. It often results from excessive tooth wear combined with weakened enamel.

Classification of Dental Caries by Severity (Depth of Tooth Damage)

Caries can also be classified based on how far the decay has progressed inside the tooth.

Early (Initial) Caries

At this stage, the enamel begins to lose minerals and may appear as white or chalky spots. There is no cavity yet, and the process can often be stopped or reversed with fluoride treatment and improved oral care.

Enamel Caries

Here, the decay has broken through the enamel surface but has not reached the inner layers. Treatment is usually simple and may involve a small filling.

Dentin (Moderate) Caries

Once decay reaches the dentin, it spreads faster and may cause sensitivity. Prompt treatment is essential to prevent further damage and avoid nerve involvement.

Deep Caries

Deep caries extend close to the pulp (nerve) of the tooth. Patients may experience pain or sensitivity, and treatment becomes more complex, sometimes requiring protective liners or advanced restorative care.

Complicated Caries (Pulp Involvement)

This is the most advanced stage, where decay reaches the tooth pulp. Infection and severe pain are common, and treatment may involve root canal therapy or, in severe cases, tooth extraction.

Why Early Diagnosis Matters

At Dr. AL Dental Clinic, we emphasize early detection of dental caries through regular checkups and digital X-rays. Treating cavities at an early stage helps:

1. Preserve natural tooth structure
2. Reduce treatment time and cost
3. Prevent pain and infection
4. Maintain long-term oral health

Expert Care at Dr. AL Dental Clinic, Dubai

Our clinic is equipped with advanced diagnostic technology and led by experienced, American Board-Certified dentists. Whether it’s early enamel damage or advanced tooth decay, we provide personalized treatment plans focused on comfort, precision, and long-lasting results.